Catheter-based techniques, whether palliative or corrective, are the accepted therapy for many congenital and structural cardiac defects. In the past
2 to 3 decades, the field of pediatric interventional cardiology has experienced significant growth. Interventional therapy has become an acceptable alternative treatment for many CHD, including closure of atrial defects, muscular ventricular septal defects (VSDs), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), dilation of stenotic valves (aortic and pulmonary), and dilation of stenotic vessels (branch pulmonary arteries, coarctation of the aorta COA).